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DOI: 10.1177/0192513X07303896 Health of Aging Parents and Childless IndividualsThe University of Sydney, Australia, h.kendig{at}usyd.edu.au
Netherlands Interdisciplinary Demographic Institute, The Hague Utrecht University, Netherlands
Netherlands Interdisciplinary Demographic Institute, The Hague Utrecht University, Netherlands
Statistics Finland, Helsinski This article reviews and presents research findings on the relationships between parenthood and health over the life span. Existing research shows lacunae. The links between reproductive behavior and longevity generally focus on family size rather than contrasting parents and nonparents. Studies of marital status differentials in survival generally confound the effects of parenthood and marital status. Studies of the effects of multiple roles (combining parenthood, marriage, and employment) have the drawback that parenthood is equated with currently having children in the home. The authors provide new evidence on the health of people who have reached old age, contrasting those with and without children, in an attempt to tease out the effects of parenthood, marital status, and gender. Data from Australia, Finland, and the Netherlands are used. Insofar as parenthood effects are found, they pertain to health behaviors (smoking, alcohol consumption, and physical exercise), providing evidence for the social control influences of parenthood.
Key Words: childlessness • health • health behaviors • marital history • parenthood • social control
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