This Article Full Text (PDF) References Alert me when this article is cited Alert me if a correction is posted Citation Map Services Email this article to a friend Similar articles in this journal Alert me to new issues of the journal Add to Saved Citations Download to citation manager Request Permissions Request Reprints Add to My Marked Citations Citing Articles Citing Articles via HighWire Citing Articles via Google Scholar Google Scholar Articles by STRAUS, M. A. Articles by SUGARMAN, D. B. Search for Related Content Social Bookmarking                   What's this?

The Revised Conflict Tactics Scales (CTS2)

Development and Preliminary Psychometric Data

University of New Hampshire

SHERRY L. HAMBY

University of New Hampshire

SUE BONEY-McCOY

Eastern Connecticut State University

DAVID B. SUGARMAN

Rhode Island College

This article describes a revised Conflict Tactics Scales (the CTS2) to measure psychological and physical attacks on a partner in a marital, cohabiting, or dating relationship; and also use of negotiation. The CTS2 has (a) additional items to enhance content validity and reliability; (b) revised wording to increase clarity and specificity; (c) better differentiation between minor and severe levels of each scale; (d) new scales to measure sexual coercion and physical injury; and (e) a new format to simplify administration and reduce response sets. Reliability ranges from .79 to .95. There is preliminary evidence of construct validity.

CiteULike    Connotea    Del.icio.us    Digg    Reddit    Technorati    What's this?

This article has been cited by other articles:

				M. H. Swahn, T. R. Simon, I. Arias, and R. M. Bossarte Measuring Sex Differences in Violence Victimization and Perpetration Within Date and Same-Sex Peer Relationships J Interpers Violence, August 1, 2008; 23(8): 1120 - 1138. [Abstract] [PDF]

				B. M. Black, R. M. Tolman, M. Callahan, D. G. Saunders, and A. N. Weisz When Will Adolescents Tell Someone About Dating Violence Victimization? Violence Against Women, July 1, 2008; 14(7): 741 - 758. [Abstract] [PDF]

				M. T. Huss and A. Ralston Do Batterer Subtypes Actually Matter? Treatment Completion, Treatment Response, and Recidivism Across a Batterer Typology Criminal Justice and Behavior, June 1, 2008; 35(6): 710 - 724. [Abstract] [PDF]

				N. M. Capezza and X. B. Arriaga Factors Associated With Acceptance of Psychological Aggression Against Women Violence Against Women, June 1, 2008; 14(6): 612 - 633. [Abstract] [PDF]

				M. B. Mechanic, T. L. Weaver, and P. A. Resick Mental Health Consequences of Intimate Partner Abuse: A Multidimensional Assessment of Four Different Forms of Abuse Violence Against Women, June 1, 2008; 14(6): 634 - 654. [Abstract] [PDF]

				J. Katz and L. Myhr Perceived Conflict Patterns and Relationship Quality Associated With Verbal Sexual Coercion by Male Dating Partners J Interpers Violence, June 1, 2008; 23(6): 798 - 814. [Abstract] [PDF]

				N. Glass, K. Laughon, C. Rutto, J. Bevacqua, and J. C. Campbell Young Adult Intimate Partner Femicide: An Exploratory Study Homicide Studies, May 1, 2008; 12(2): 177 - 187. [Abstract] [PDF]

				C. M. Clements, C. Oxtoby, and R. L. Ogle Methodological Issues in Assessing Psychological Adjustment in Child Witnesses of Intimate Partner Violence Trauma Violence Abuse, April 1, 2008; 9(2): 114 - 127. [Abstract] [PDF]

				N. M. Malik Exposure to Domestic and Community Violence in a Nonrisk Sample: Associations With Child Functioning J Interpers Violence, April 1, 2008; 23(4): 490 - 504. [Abstract] [PDF]

				T. Lindhorst and E. Tajima Reconceptualizing and Operationalizing Context in Survey Research on Intimate Partner Violence J Interpers Violence, March 1, 2008; 23(3): 362 - 388. [Abstract] [PDF]

				L. R. Cohen, D. A. Hien, and S. Batchelder The Impact of Cumulative Maternal Trauma and Diagnosis on Parenting Behavior Child Maltreat, February 1, 2008; 13(1): 27 - 38. [Abstract] [PDF]

				W. L. Josephson and J. B. Proulx Violence in Young Adolescents' Relationships: A Path Model J Interpers Violence, February 1, 2008; 23(2): 189 - 208. [Abstract] [PDF]

				C. Maas, T. I. Herrenkohl, and C. Sousa Review of Research On Child Maltreatment and Violence in Youth Trauma Violence Abuse, January 1, 2008; 9(1): 56 - 67. [Abstract] [PDF]

				T. Lindhorst, M. Meyers, and E. Casey Screening for Domestic Violence in Public Welfare Offices: An Analysis of Case Manager and Client Interactions Violence Against Women, January 1, 2008; 14(1): 5 - 28. [Abstract] [PDF]

				K. Doroszewicz and G. B. Forbes Experiences With Dating Aggression and Sexual Coercion Among Polish College Students J Interpers Violence, January 1, 2008; 23(1): 58 - 73. [Abstract] [PDF]

				D. M. Johnson and C. Zlotnick Utilization of Mental Health Treatment and Other Services by Battered Women in Shelters Psychiatr Serv, December 1, 2007; 58(12): 1595 - 1597. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. C. Meehan and G. L. Stuart Using Structural Equation Modeling With Forensic Samples Criminal Justice and Behavior, December 1, 2007; 34(12): 1560 - 1587. [Abstract] [PDF]

				S. Romans, T. Forte, M. M. Cohen, J. Du Mont, and I. Hyman Who Is Most at Risk for Intimate Partner Violence?: A Canadian Population-Based Study J Interpers Violence, December 1, 2007; 22(12): 1495 - 1514. [Abstract] [PDF]

				M. Prospero Mental Health Symptoms Among Male Victims of Partner Violence American Journal of Men's Health, December 1, 2007; 1(4): 269 - 277. [Abstract] [PDF]

				C. R. Call and J. C. Nelsen Partner Abuse and Women's Substance Problems: From Vulnerability to Strength Affilia, November 1, 2007; 22(4): 334 - 346. [Abstract] [PDF]

				J. M. Zweig and M. R. Burt Predicting Women's Perceptions of Domestic Violence and Sexual Assault Agency Helpfulness: What Matters to Program Clients? Violence Against Women, November 1, 2007; 13(11): 1149 - 1178. [Abstract] [PDF]

				D. P. Schrock and I. Padavic Negotiating Hegemonic Masculinity in a Batterer Intervention Program Gender Society, October 1, 2007; 21(5): 625 - 649. [Abstract] [PDF]

				N. Zoe Hilton, G. T. Harris, and M. E. Rice The Effect of Arrest On Wife Assault Recidivism: Controlling for Pre-Arrest Risk Criminal Justice and Behavior, October 1, 2007; 34(10): 1334 - 1344. [Abstract] [PDF]

				W. Abu-Ras Cultural Beliefs and Service Utilization by Battered Arab Immigrant Women Violence Against Women, October 1, 2007; 13(10): 1002 - 1028. [Abstract] [PDF]

				E. Calvete, S. Corral, and A. Estevez Factor Structure and Validity of the Revised Conflict Tactics Scales for Spanish Women Violence Against Women, October 1, 2007; 13(10): 1072 - 1087. [Abstract] [PDF]

				L. Shannon, T. Logan, and J. Cole Intimate Partner Violence, Relationship Status, and Protective Orders Protective Orders: Does "Living in Sin" Entail a Different Experience? J Interpers Violence, September 1, 2007; 22(9): 1114 - 1129. [Abstract] [PDF]

				C. K. Sanders, T. L. Weaver, and M. Schnabel Economic Education for Battered Women: An Evaluation of Outcomes Affilia, August 1, 2007; 22(3): 240 - 254. [Abstract] [PDF]

				K. Scott and M. Straus Denial, Minimization, Partner Blaming, and Intimate Aggression in Dating Partners J Interpers Violence, July 1, 2007; 22(7): 851 - 871. [Abstract] [PDF]

				H. R. Hlavka, C. Kruttschnitt, and K. C. Carbone-Lopez Revictimizing the Victims?: Interviewing Women About Interpersonal Violence J Interpers Violence, July 1, 2007; 22(7): 894 - 920. [Abstract] [PDF]

				T. Zink, L. M. Klesges, L. Levin, and F. Putnam Abuse Behavior Inventory: Cutpoint, Validity, and Characterization of Discrepancies J Interpers Violence, July 1, 2007; 22(7): 921 - 931. [Abstract] [PDF]

				A. L. Hazen and F. I. Soriano Experiences With Intimate Partner Violence Among Latina Women Violence Against Women, June 1, 2007; 13(6): 562 - 582. [Abstract] [PDF]

				P. Pendry and E. K. Adam Associations between parents' marital functioning, maternal parenting quality, maternal emotion and child cortisol levels International Journal of Behavioral Development, May 1, 2007; 31(3): 218 - 231. [Abstract] [PDF]

				L. F. Hadeed and N. El-Bassel Typologies of Abuse Among Afro-Trinidadian Women J Interpers Violence, May 1, 2007; 22(5): 479 - 497. [Abstract] [PDF]

				V. A. Foshee, K. E. Bauman, F. Linder, J. Rice, and R. Wilcher Typologies of Adolescent Dating Violence: Identifying Typologies of Adolescent Dating Violence Perpetration J Interpers Violence, May 1, 2007; 22(5): 498 - 519. [Abstract] [PDF]

				K. Robertson and T. Murachver Correlates of Partner Violence for Incarcerated Women and Men J Interpers Violence, May 1, 2007; 22(5): 639 - 655. [Abstract] [PDF]

				P. W. Sharps, K. Laughon, and S. K. Giangrande Intimate Partner Violence and the Childbearing Year: Maternal and Infant Health Consequences Trauma Violence Abuse, April 1, 2007; 8(2): 105 - 116. [Abstract] [PDF]

				F. M. Hughes, G. L. Stuart, K. Coop Gordon, and T. M. Moore Predicting the use of aggressive conflict tactics in a sample of women arrested for domestic violence Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, April 1, 2007; 24(2): 155 - 176. [Abstract] [PDF]

				L. Bennett and P. O'Brien Effects of Coordinated Services for Drug-Abusing Women Who Are Victims of Intimate Partner Violence Violence Against Women, April 1, 2007; 13(4): 395 - 411. [Abstract] [PDF]

				T. Logan, L. Shannon, J. Cole, and J. Swanberg Partner Stalking and Implications for Women's Employment J Interpers Violence, March 1, 2007; 22(3): 268 - 291. [Abstract] [PDF]

				J. Swanberg, C. Macke, and T. Logan Working Women Making It Work: Intimate Partner Violence, Employment, and Workplace Support J Interpers Violence, March 1, 2007; 22(3): 292 - 311. [Abstract] [PDF]

				V. Rajah Resistance as Edgework in Violent Intimate Relationships of Drug -Involved Women Br. J. Criminol., March 1, 2007; 47(2): 196 - 213. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				E. M. Ingram A Comparison of Help Seeking Between Latino and Non-Latino Victims of Intimate Partner Violence Violence Against Women, February 1, 2007; 13(2): 159 - 171. [Abstract] [PDF]

				A. E. Bonomi, M. L. Anderson, R. J. Reid, D. Carrell, P. A. Fishman, F. P. Rivara, and R. S. Thompson Intimate Partner Violence in Older Women Gerontologist, February 1, 2007; 47(1): 34 - 41. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. Vezina and M. Hebert Risk Factors for Victimization in Romantic Relationships of Young Women: A Review of Empirical Studies and Implications for Prevention Trauma Violence Abuse, January 1, 2007; 8(1): 33 - 66. [Abstract] [PDF]

				L. W. Bennett, C. Stoops, C. Call, and H. Flett Program Completion and Re-Arrest in a Batterer Intervention System Research on Social Work Practice, January 1, 2007; 17(1): 42 - 54. [Abstract] [PDF]

				C. Michie and D. J. Cooke The Structure of Violent Behavior: A Hierarchical Model Criminal Justice and Behavior, December 1, 2006; 33(6): 706 - 737. [Abstract] [PDF]

				K. Robertson and T. Murachver Intimate Partner Violence: Linguistic Features and Accommodation Behavior of Perpetrators and Victims Journal of Language and Social Psychology, December 1, 2006; 25(4): 406 - 422. [Abstract] [PDF]

				C. Raghavan, A. Mennerich, E. Sexton, and S. E. James Community violence and its direct, indirect, and mediating effects on intimate partner violence. Violence Against Women, December 1, 2006; 12(12): 1132 - 1149. [Abstract] [PDF]

				D. Houry, S. Reddy, and C. Parramore Characteristics of victims coarrested for intimate partner violence. J Interpers Violence, November 1, 2006; 21(11): 1483 - 1492. [Abstract] [PDF]

				M. P. Johnson Conflict and control: gender symmetry and asymmetry in domestic violence. Violence Against Women, November 1, 2006; 12(11): 1003 - 1018. [Abstract] [PDF]

				S. L. Cook and L. A. Goodman Beyond frequency and severity: development and validation of the brief coercion and conflict scales. Violence Against Women, November 1, 2006; 12(11): 1050 - 1072. [Abstract] [PDF]

				P. Tjaden Commentary on Cook and Goodman's "Beyond Frequency and Severity: Development and Validation of the Brief Coercion and Conflict Scales". Violence Against Women, November 1, 2006; 12(11): 1073 - 1077. [PDF]

				L. F. Salazar and S. L. Cook Preliminary Findings from an Outcome Evaluation of an Intimate Partner Violence Prevention Program for Adjudicated, African American, Adolescent Males Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice, October 1, 2006; 4(4): 368 - 385. [Abstract] [PDF]

				M. H.-R. Hicks The prevalence and characteristics of intimate partner violence in a community study of chinese american women. J Interpers Violence, October 1, 2006; 21(10): 1249 - 1269. [Abstract] [PDF]

				A. E. Bonomi, V. L. Holt, D. P. Martin, and R. S. Thompson Severity of intimate partner violence and occurrence and frequency of police calls. J Interpers Violence, October 1, 2006; 21(10): 1354 - 1364. [Abstract] [PDF]

				J. Panuzio, T. J. O'Farrell, A. D. Marshall, C. M. Murphy, M. Murphy, and C. T. Taft Intimate Partner Aggression Reporting Concordance and Correlates of Agreement Among Men With Alcohol use Disorders and Their Female Partners. Assessment, September 1, 2006; 13(3): 266 - 279. [Abstract] [PDF]

				K. Graham, P. F. Tremblay, S. Wells, K. Pernanen, J. Purcell, and J. Jelley Harm, intent, and the nature of aggressive behavior: measuring naturally occurring aggression in barroom settings. Assessment, September 1, 2006; 13(3): 280 - 296. [Abstract] [PDF]

				J. S. Tucker, S. L. Wenzel, M. N. Elliott, and K. Hambarsoomian Predictors of Unprotected Sex with Non-cohabitating Primary Partners among Sheltered and Low-income Housed Women in Los Angeles County. J Health Psychol, September 1, 2006; 11(5): 697 - 710. [Abstract] [PDF]

				T. Logan, L. Shannon, J. Cole, and R. Walker The impact of differential patterns of physical violence and stalking on mental health and help-seeking among women with protective orders. Violence Against Women, September 1, 2006; 12(9): 866 - 886. [Abstract] [PDF]

				D. J. Neller, R. L. Denney, C. A. Pietz, and R. P. Thomlinson The relationship between trauma and violence in a jail inmate sample. J Interpers Violence, September 1, 2006; 21(9): 1234 - 1241. [Abstract] [PDF]

				V. Rajah Respecting Boundaries: The Symbolic and Material Concerns of Drug-Involved Women Employing Violence against Violent Male Partners Br. J. Criminol., September 1, 2006; 46(5): 837 - 858. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. S. Fram, J. Miller-Cribbs, and N. Farber Chicks Aren't Chickens: Women, Poverty, and Marriage in an Orthodoxy of Conservatism Affilia, August 1, 2006; 21(3): 256 - 271. [Abstract] [PDF]